What Causes Cryptosporidiosis?
Cryptosporidiosis, also known as “Crypto,” is caused by an infection with parasites in the genus Cryptosporidium.
While there are several species of this parasite that cause disease in animals, the most important ones for humans are Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis.
These Crypto parasites are part of the same group as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species, which cause diseases like malaria. What sets Crypto apart is that it can complete its entire life cycle in just three days within a single host animal.
In 2022, scientists made a breakthrough by imaging the parasite’s development in real-time, providing new insights into its biology and life cycle.
How Do You Catch Cryptosporidiosis?
The main route of infection for Crypto is through contaminated water. The parasites, called oocysts, can be found in water supplies and are resistant to common pool-cleaning chemicals like chlorine.
Recreational water sources, such as swimming pools and water parks, are major transmission sources. Additionally, Crypto can be found in soil, wild waterways, and contaminated food.
It’s also possible to catch Crypto from another infected person through fecal-oral transmission, so proper hand hygiene is crucial.
What Are the Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis?
Symptoms typically appear between two and 10 days after exposure to the parasite. The most common symptom is profuse, watery diarrhea that can last up to two weeks or even longer.
Other symptoms include stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever. In individuals with weakened immune systems, the infection can be more severe and prolonged.
Is There Any Treatment for Cryptosporidiosis?
For most people, Crypto will clear up on its own. The key is to prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids and eating light meals.
A specific medication called nitazoxanide can be prescribed to treat Crypto, but it may not eliminate the parasites entirely.
What’s Behind the Spike in Cryptosporidiosis Cases in the UK?
A recent investigation revealed a significant increase in Crypto cases in the UK. Swimming, both in the UK and abroad, and foreign travel are believed to be contributing factors.
However, other sources like contaminated food cannot be ruled out. It’s important to note that Crypto is often underreported, and there may be more cases than captured in the data.
Authorities will continue to monitor the situation, but for now, it remains unclear why the UK is experiencing such a surge in cases.
